Moonrise, Moonset & Moon Phase in São Paulo

Moon times for São Paulo are computed from the full Meeus lunar theory — the complete 47.A and 47.B periodic tables — at the city's latitude (-23.5505°) and longitude (-46.6333°), then converted to local time in the America/Sao_Paulo timezone. Rise and set are found by sampling the moon's altitude across the day and bisecting each horizon crossing, because the moon moves about 13° a day and no single position describes it. Against US Naval Observatory tables the result agrees to the displayed minute.

Why moonrise has no fixed time. The moon travels eastward against the stars as it orbits, so the Earth has to turn a little further each day to bring it back to the horizon — about 50 minutes further. That is why a page of moon times for São Paulo cannot be written down the way sunrise times can: the cycle is 29.5 days long and does not fit the calendar. Roughly once a month a date in São Paulo has no moonrise at all, or no moonset, simply because the event slid past midnight. The calculator says so in words rather than leaving a blank.

The 18.6-year cycle. Moonrise in São Paulo is not a fixed direction. Over the moon's 18.6-year cycle the rise point sweeps 63° of horizon, from 58° ENE at its northernmost to 122° ESE at its southernmost. That is 12° wider than the sun ever manages from São Paulo, whose rise point is confined to 51° between the solstices — the moon's orbit is tilted a further 5.1° to the ecliptic, so it overshoots the sun's limits in both directions.

The moon passes directly overhead in São Paulo: its latitude falls inside the band the moon's declination covers, so at some point in the cycle the moon stands at the zenith, while at the other end it climbs no higher than 38°. Everything the moon does over São Paulo happens between those two figures, and neither of them shifts — they follow from the city's latitude and the tilt of the moon's orbit, not from the calendar.